亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)籽(zi)(zi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)又稱亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、胡麻(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)仁油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，是以亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)籽(zi)(zi)為原料(liao)制取的油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，中國(guo)主(zhu)要食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)之一(yi)。由于(yu)干(gan)性較好，在工(gong)業(ye)上也有(you)廣泛用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)。公(gong)元前4世紀，原蘇聯外高加(jia)索和塔吉克(ke)一(yi)帶開(kai)始用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)籽(zi)(zi)磨粉和榨油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。中國(guo)16世紀開(kai)始用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)榨油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。《方土紀》中記載“亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)籽(zi)(zi)可榨油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)色青綠，燃(ran)燈甚(shen)明(ming)，入蔬(shu)香美，……餅可肥(fei)田”。已有(you)400多年歷史。世界主(zhu)產國(guo)有(you)印(yin)度、阿根(gen)廷、加(jia)拿大、原蘇聯、中國(guo)等(deng)。在中國(guo)的內蒙古、甘肅、山西、河(he)北(bei)、新(xin)疆和寧夏等(deng)主(zhu)產區，群眾有(you)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)習慣，作為工(gong)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)則流通(tong)全國(guo)。分工(gong)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)級(ji)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)籽(zi)(zi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、工(gong)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二級(ji)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)籽(zi)(zi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)和食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)籽(zi)(zi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三種。
工業(ye)用亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)籽油(you)，對(dui)原料的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，比(bi)食(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)還(huan)嚴。在(zai)華(hua)北(bei)、西(xi)北(bei)各(ge)地(di)農村有亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)籽與(yu)芥(jie)(jie)菜籽或臭芥(jie)(jie)籽混種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)習慣(guan)，食(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)籽油(you)，對(dui)芥(jie)(jie)菜籽混雜量并(bing)無嚴格限制，而工業(ye)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)籽油(you)，對(dui)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)籽純質(zhi)率要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)較高。亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)籽的(de)(de)(de)(de)純質(zhi)率與(yu)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)籽油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)碘價(jia)成正比(bi)。如亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)籽中芥(jie)(jie)菜籽、臭芥(jie)(jie)籽含量超過11%，亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)碘價(jia)則達(da)不到175的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。毛亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)籽油(you)呈深琥(hu)珀色(se)，并(bing)有強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)氣味，經堿煉(lian)和脫色(se)后，油(you)呈黃色(se)透明液(ye)體，有亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)籽油(you)固(gu)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣味、滋味，其脂肪(fang)(fang)酸組成為飽和脂肪(fang)(fang)酸9～11%;油(you)酸13～29%;亞(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)酸15～30%;亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)酸40～60%，是典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)干性油(you)。干燥性能較強，在(zai)工業(ye)上大量用于油(you)漆(qi)、防腐涂料、印(yin)刷等工業(ye)，還(huan)可用于制革和醫藥，國際(ji)上習慣(guan)將(jiang)其列(lie)為工業(ye)用油(you)。
